{"id":30941,"date":"2024-10-04T06:30:06","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T06:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/?p=30941"},"modified":"2024-10-04T06:40:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T06:40:07","slug":"chu-thich-du-lieu-trong-nganh-xe-tu-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/chu-thich-du-lieu-trong-nganh-xe-tu-lai\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Vai<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

Theo Grand View Research<\/a>, quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00ean t\u1edbi 26.3% trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2024 \u0111\u1ebfn 2030, v\u1edbi th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e1i xe ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ADAS c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i gi\u00fap m\u00e1y m\u00f3c (Machine Learning) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi” v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ch\u00fa th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 2 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i l\u00e0  radar v\u00e0 LiDAR. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn – \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc (learning machine models) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ADAS. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t  l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt,… Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9, xe \u0111\u1ea1p, \u00f4 t\u00f4), nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o giao th\u00f4ng, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ranh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

An to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xe. V\u1edbi ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ADAS nh\u01b0 phanh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00fa th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>2. \u0110\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng minh<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00fa th\u00edch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e1i xe trong giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>3. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed, cho ph\u00e9p xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>4. Thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1i xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>1. Bounding box<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bounding box l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt xung quanh v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t khung h\u00ecnh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xe \u00f4 t\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, bounding box c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>2. Semantic segmentation<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Semantic segmentation l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00fa th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn nh\u00e1n t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: 3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>3. Polygon<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn xung quanh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi bounding box.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>4. Landmarks<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng landmark xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean xe v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>5. 3D CUBOID<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng 3D l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh 3D. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian 3D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>6. Polyline & Spline<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng Polyline v\u00e0 Spline l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i trong l\u00e1i xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap xe di chuy\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ho\u1eb7c giao l\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>7. LiDAR<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

LiDAR l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e2y 3D, cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft 360 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o di chuy\u1ec3n an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam: Ch\u00fa th\u00edch LiDAR: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Radar v\u00e0 LiDAR<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi Radar v\u00e0 LiDAR. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"So<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>1. Radar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Radar s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, radar c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, d\u00f9 m\u01b0a, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, radar l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i – n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 g\u00ec. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, radar c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111i hay \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>2. LiDAR<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, LiDAR l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia laser \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 3D v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao. M\u00e1y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t xung laser v\u00e0 \u0111o th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 xung ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, LiDAR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao c\u1ee7a LiDAR cho ph\u00e9p xe hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 LiDAR c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. LiDAR c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn 360 \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p cho xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia coi LiDAR l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Telsa \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng radar v\u00e0 cameras. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u0103m 2023, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Waymo hay Cruise b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 LiDAR v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 giao th\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, LiDAR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 xe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e1i xe an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e1i<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u00f9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1eefa radar v\u00e0 LiDAR, LiDAR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn 360 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn LiDAR tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean n\u1edf r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng: ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng minh. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo Grand View Research, quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00ean t\u1edbi 26.3% trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2024 \u0111\u1ebfn 2030, v\u1edbi th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e1i xe ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ADAS c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i gi\u00fap m\u00e1y m\u00f3c (Machine Learning) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi” v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf  B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ch\u00fa th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 2 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i l\u00e0  radar v\u00e0 LiDAR.  T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, video ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn – \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc (learning machine models) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ADAS. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t  l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt,… Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9, xe \u0111\u1ea1p, \u00f4 t\u00f4), nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o giao th\u00f4ng, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ranh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i 1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n An to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xe. V\u1edbi ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ADAS nh\u01b0 phanh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00fa th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. 2. \u0110\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng minh C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh tai n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00fa th\u00edch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e1i xe trong giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf.    3. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m tra Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed, cho ph\u00e9p xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c. 4. Thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i  C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00fa th\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e1i xe. 1. Bounding box Bounding box l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt xung quanh v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t khung h\u00ecnh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xe \u00f4 t\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Trong ng\u00e0nh xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, bounding box c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a xe. 2. Semantic segmentation Semantic segmentation l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00fa th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn nh\u00e1n t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.  Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30952,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,76],"tags":[163,161,294],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30941"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30941"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30978,"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30941\/revisions\/30978"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gdsonline.tech\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}